Evaluation of Biochemical Changes in Some Kidney Function and Antioxidant Parameters in Wistar Rats Exposed to Benzene

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of benzene exposure on kidney function and oxidative stress parameters in Wistar rats. Forty adult male rats were divided into ten groups, with Group 1 serving as the control (distilled water) and Groups 2-10 receiving progressively higher doses of analytical-grade benzene (oral gavage) for 28 days. Due to premature mortality in Groups 6-10 only Groups 1-5 (control and lower-dose exposures) completed the study and were euthanized for analysis. Blood samples were collected to assess kidney function markers and kidney tissues were homogenized to evaluate oxidative stress parameters. Results demonstrated significant (P < 0.05), dose-dependent increases in serum urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium and chloride levels, accompanied by a significant reduction in bicarbonate. Kidney tissue analysis revealed markedly decreased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), alongside elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, indicating oxidative damage. These findings highlight the nephrotoxic potential of benzene, even at relatively low exposure levels, mediated through renal dysfunction and oxidative stress.