Assessment of the Cytocompatibility of a Novel 45S5 Bioactive Glass Based Intracanal Medicament with Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts Using MTT Assay

Abstract

Objectives:To evaluate the short-term cytocompatibility of a 45S5 bioactive glass (BG-45S5) intracanal medicament with human periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts using the microplate MTT assay and phase-contrast morphological observation.Materials and Methods: Primary human PDL fibroblasts were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) and exposed for 24 h to BG-45S5 at 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 µg/mL. Doxorubicin served as the cytotoxic reference. MTT solution (0.5 mg/mL) was incubated for 4 h; formazan crystals were dissolved in DMSO and optical density (OD) recorded at 570 nm. Viability was normalized to untreated controls. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA (α = 0.05).Results: A significant group effect was observed (F(5,60) = 12.59; p ≪ 0.001). Mean viability (%) for each group: Doxorubicin 14.6 ± 25.9; BG-45S5 50 µg/mL 27.3 ± 43.7; BG-45S5 1 µg/mL 91.7 ± 5.5; BG-45S5 5 µg/mL 81.6 ± 24.5; BG-45S5 10 µg/mL 76.5 ± 27.7; BG-45S5 25 µg/mL 76.2 ± 27.9. Micrographs confirmed confluent spindle morphology at low concentration and reduced confluence at higher doses.Conclusion: BG-45S5 showed good short-term cytocompatibility at 1–10 µg/mL with concentration-dependent metabolic suppression at 25–50 µg/mL. The medicament may be suitable for intracanal application at biologically acceptable concentrations.