Aug 2026· Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources· Vol 39· 0 citations
Abstract
Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] is an important short-duration and widely adaptable pulse crop known for its nutritional andsoil-ameliorative properties. However, its productivity still lags due to photo- and thermo-period sensitivity, the seasonal specificity ofthe available cultivars, and susceptibility to a wide range of biotic and abiotic factors. Therefore, breeding for developing stable elitecultivars is urgently required to improve productivity. A total of 55 genotypes of mungbean, including released varieties and elitelines, were tested over a period of three years to identify the stable elite lines for high yield. A wide range of variability was recorded for seed yield per plant (SYP) and its key component traits. Based on correlation coefficient analysis, PL and NSP were found to be keycomponents. The significant interaction of genotype × year indicated the crucial role of the environment on SYP. The correlationcoefficient analysis revealed that pod length (PL) and number of seeds per pod (NSP) were key yield contributing traits. GGE biplotanalysis demonstrated that five genotypes, i.e. G42 (BMS 19-3), G17 (Shikha), G49 (ML 134), G18 (TRAM-18), and G27 (BMS 18-4), werefound most stable and high-yielding genotypes over the year. Further, the molecular characterisation of these selected genotypeswith SSR and functional markers opens the scope for their effective utilization in the mungbean breeding programme
Greengram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) is grown mainly in South and Southeast Asia and parts of Africa and it is cultivated during the kharif, rabi and summer seasons depending on climate and irrigation. The sprouted greengram is rich in antioxidants which helps in maintaining gut health as well as preventing cardiovascular diseases. In the present investigation, a total of 20 bold seeded accessions of greengram were evaluated for 10 quantitative traits viz., days to 50 % flowering, plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant, pod length (cm), number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight (g) and seed yield per plot (g). High phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) estimates were recorded for number of branches per plant (26.97, 20.97), number of pods per plant (25.66, 20.47) and seed yield per plant (27.29, 25.92). These traits also recorded high heritability (h2) along with high genetic advance as percent of mean. The PCV was slightly higher than the GCV which indicated that the expression of these traits is less influenced by environmental fluctuations. Estimates of correlation coefficient revealed positive and significant association of seed yield per plot with the number of pods per cluster (0.49). The principal component analysis indicates that the traits viz., number of branches per plant, number of pods per cluster and number of pods per plant are the most influential principal component traits governing 84 % of variation among the bold seeded greengram genotypes. Hence, number of branches per plant, number of pods per cluster and number of pods per plant should be given due to importance in selection programme for the development of bold seeded greengram varieties.
A. Mahalingam, N. Manivannan, S. Ragul et al.· Plant Science Today· 0 citations
Brassica juncea (L.) is a key oilseed crop that is extensively grown worldwide for edible oil and animal feed. However, various biotic and abiotic stresses, together with a narrow genetic base, keep productivity below the desired level, underscoring the need to expand the genetic base and utilise heterosis to develop superior cultivars with resistance or tolerance to major diseases. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate standard heterosis for seed yield and its attributing traits among 50 diverse cross combinations developed during Rabi, 2025 and evaluated during Rabi, 2026, along with the zonal (Rohini) and national (Kranti) checks at the Research Farm, Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Morena, RVSKVV, Gwalior, M.P., India, using putative donors for stem rot resistance. Significant variability existed for yield and its attributing characters, with seed yield per plant ranging from 11.2 g for the cross L-6 × BC1F5 of Pusa Jai Kisan × Brassica napus 114 to 42.0 g for the cross Pusa Bold × F3 of Pusa Jai Kisan × Brassica napus 114. Strong hybrid vigour was evident in cross combinations such as Varuna × BC1F5 of Pusa Jai Kisan × Brassica napus 114, Sej-2 × BC2F1 of Pusa Jai Kisan × Brassica napus 114, and Shraddha × BC2F1 of Pusa Jai Kisan × Brassica napus 114, which showed high positive heterosis for yield and its component traits, including number of siliquae per plant, number of seeds per siliqua, 1000-seed weight, and earliness. The yield potential of these crosses was further supported by architectural traits, including longer racemes and a higher number of branches per plant. These results highlight the potential of targeted hybridisation to overcome current yield constraints. These promising cross combinations indicate that heterosis breeding may be used to improve yield in Indian mustard while incorporating resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot disease.
G. Agrawal, M. K. Tripathi, Jagendra Singh et al.· Journal of Experimental Agri...· 0 citations
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) is an important medicinal plant valued for its therapeutic properties and bioactive compounds, notably alkaloids and withanolides. Despite its economic significance, systematic crop improvement through heterosis breeding remains limited. The present study was undertaken to evaluate hybrid vigour for dry root yield and related traits across multiple environments. A line × tester mating design involving 16 lines, 3 testers and their 48 F1 hybrids were evaluated along with three standard checks across 3 locations during the rabi season of 2022–23 in Southern Rajasthan. Observations were recorded for days to 50 % flowering, plant height, root length, root diameter, fresh root yield, dry root yield and alkaloid content. Pooled analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes, environments and genotype × environment interactions for all traits, indicating substantial genetic variability and environmental influence. Significant heterosis was observed for most traits. For earliness, crosses L15 × T3, L11 × T3 and L9 × T2 exhibited desirable negative heterosis. The L14 × T1 and L16 × T3 exhibited superior performance for plant height and L16 × T2 and L6 × T2 emerged as promising hybrids for root length and root diameter respectively. High heterosis for fresh root yield was recorded in L7 × T1 and L13 × T1, whereas L16 × T3, L15 × T3 and L14 × T1 demonstrated outstanding performance for dry root yield, with L16 × T3 also exhibiting significant economic heterosis. For alkaloid content, crosses L15 × T3, L16 × T3 and L2 × T3 exhibited consistent superiority across environments. The study identified promising hybrid combinations combining high dry root yield and enhanced alkaloid content highlighting the potential of heterosis breeding for developing superior Ashwagandha cultivars suited for commercial cultivation and pharmaceutical demand.
M. Deepak, D. Amit, C. Rukoo et al.· Plant Science Today· 0 citations
Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] is an important short-duration pulse crop valued for its nutritional quality, adaptability, and suitability for diverse cropping systems. However, seed yield is influenced by several interrelated component traits, necessitating correlation and path coefficient analyses to identify effective selection criteria. This study assessed associations between seed yield and component traits in summer greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] to identify useful selection criteria. Forty genotypes were evaluated in a randomised block design with three replications during summer 2025 at the Pulses Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. Data were recorded for 15 quantitative traits, and genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients and phenotypic path coefficients were estimated. Genotypic correlations were generally greater than phenotypic correlations. Seed yield per plant showed significant positive associations with biological yield per plant (r_g = 0.708**, r_p = 0.661**), number of pods per plant (r_g = 0.667**, r_p = 0.612**), and number of clusters per plant (r_g = 0.457**, r_p = 0.453**) at both levels. Harvest index was also positively associated with seed yield (r_g = 0.394*, r_p = 0.411**), while number of branches per plant showed significant positive associations (r_g = 0.392*, r_p = 0.366*). Phenotypic path analysis indicated strong positive direct effects of reproductive phase duration (3.073), days to 50 per cent flowering (2.676), biological yield per plant (0.943), and harvest index (0.782). Number of pods per cluster (0.229) and number of clusters per plant (0.214) had moderate positive direct effects. The residual effect of 0.1148 indicated that the analysed traits explained most of the variation in seed yield. Overall, biological yield, harvest index, clusters per plant, and pods per cluster may serve as useful selection criteria in greengram improvement.
Kishan Khichar, R. M. Javia, L. Sharma et al.· Journal of Experimental Agri...· 0 citations
Assessment of genetic diversity is fundamental for crop improvement programs, as it helps to identify desirable traits and broaden the genetic base. Thus, research was carried out in augmented rod row design to assess phenotypic diversity and variation among 16 proso millet accessions at Sundarbazar, Lamjung, during rainy season of 2025. The maximum Shannon Weaver’s diversity (H') value was observed in susceptibility to aphids (1.58) and the lowest (H' = 0.66) in stigma color and panicle angle of branches. Flag leaf anthocyanin color intensity (χ²= 6.125, p=0.04) and spikelet shape (χ² = 7.625, p=0.02) were the only traits with significant differences (p < 0.05) among the studied accessions. The coefficient of variation (CV%) ranged from 9.37% for panicle length to 45.4% for days for 50% germination. The first 6 principal components contributed 85.4% of the total variation. NGRC07335, NGRC07336, and NGRC09157 from cluster III were the potential high-yielding accessions having 15,13 and 11 g per plant yield, respectively and identified as best performing accessions. NGRC 07335 (4.38), followed by NGRC 09157 and NGRC 07349 (4.06), were the top-ranked accessions in the participatory varietal selection process. Thus, the current study provides a foundational framework for characterizing and evaluating the diversity of proso millet accessions with significant potential for genetic enhancement and breeding programs.
B. Kandel, Anup Regmi, Sujan Chapagain et al.· Nepal Agriculture Research J...· 0 citations
Pulses have a vital and diverse role in agricultural systems and the food habits of people around the world. Among them, cowpea is a traditional and important pulse crop. It is a potential source of vegetable protein for the majority of Kerala's population. Crop improvement programmes aim to breed crops for diverse objectives, and developing high-yielding cowpea genotypes is a major and challenging objective in any breeding programme. To identify potential segregants with high yield and yield-contributing characters from an inter-varietal cross of cowpea, an experiment was conducted in the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Kerala Agricultural University during 2023. In this research, the advanced generation of a cross between Vellayani Jyothika, a high-yielding variety susceptible to pod borer, and EC 98668, an exotic germplasm line resistant to pod borer but with low yield, was evaluated for genetic variability and to isolate promising segregants with high seed yield and yield-contributing characters. Parameters such as phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV), genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV), heritability (H2) and genetic advance (GA) were estimated for nine quantitative characters from 230 plants belonging to 23 families. Grain yield per plant, number of pods per plant, plant height and pod length recorded high PCV and GCV, which indicated the existence of ample variability for these traits in the population; the narrow differences between PCV and GCV indicated a negligible environmental effect on trait expression. Number of pods per plant, plant height, pod length, seeds per pod, 100 seed weight and grain yield per plant recorded high heritability alongside high GAM. This indicates lower environmental influence and strong, fixable additive genetic variance in trait expression. Segregants with high yield and yield-contributing characters were identified and advanced to subsequent generations.
Anju M. Job, Jiji Jospeh, C. Beena et al.· Journal of Advances in Biolo...· 0 citations
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