Association between handgrip strength and symptoms of anxiety and depression among university students: A cross‐sectional study

Abstract

Handgrip strength is a simple and objective measure of muscle function, increasingly associated with physical and psychological health. However, data regarding its link to anxiety and depression in young adults remain limited. The aim of this study was to assess handgrip strength in healthy university students and examine its association with symptoms of anxiety and depression. This cross‐sectional study included 216 undergraduate students (mean age: 20.6 ± 4.7 years). Handgrip strength of each participant was measured using a digital hand dynamometer. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed using the GAD‐7 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7) and the PHQ‐9 (Patient Health Questionnaire‐9), respectively. Pearson correlations and independent sample t‐tests were used for statistical analysis. Handgrip strength showed a small but statistically significant negative correlation with PHQ‐9 (left hand: r = −0.148, p = 0.030) and GAD‐7 (left hand: r = −0.185, p = 0.006) scores. These associations were stronger in female participants. Anxiety and depression scores were strongly positively correlated (r = 0.705, p < 0.001). The results of this study indicate lower handgrip strength was associated with higher anxiety and depression symptoms in healthy university students, especially in female students. However, further longitudinal studies are needed to establish causality.