The Impact of Minimalist Footwear on the Kinetic Chain: Biomechanics and Clinical Conditions of the Foot, Knee, Pelvis, and Spine - A Narrative Review

Abstract

Background/aim. Minimalist footwear represents a growing focus in public health debate and scientific research. This paper aims to summarize current literature regarding the subject, organizing findings across the segments of the lower limb kinetic chain. Materials and methods. Narrative review. Main search in the PubMed database.Results. Studies show various benefits of minimalist footwear for multiple elements of the kinetic chain. The main risks include transition injuries and exacerbation of pre-existing conditions. Strength of evidence is variable, including an insufficient number of longitudinal trials.Conclusions. In most studies, minimalist footwear outperforms conventional shoes in terms of biomechanical and clinical outcomes. Healthy individuals are expected to benefit from the transition. Future extended research in the field may establish a new standard in footwear to prevent foot and lower limb conditions and maintain optimal gait biomechanics. Several musculoskeletal pathologies may be manageable by changing footwear type. Application must be gradual; pre-existing foot or systemic conditions warrant increased caution or contraindication.