Ostomy Assessment Systematic Integration of Studies (OASIS): Physical Assessment Scoping Review

Abstract

Background: Individuals living with an ostomy experience multiple physical changes that require ongoing assessment. While physical assessment remains vital for those living with an ostomy, synthesized data identifying assessment practices and outcomes are lacking. This review, part of the OASIS review, which sought to identify the extent of current literature on assessing individuals living with an ostomy, synthesizes what is known about physical assessment in this population. Methods: This scoping review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) methodology. We searched the MEDLINE and CINAHL databases without filters or date restrictions. Data collection occurred in January 2021. We analyzed data using qualitative content analysis and synthesized outcomes using the PAGER Framework to identify patterns, advances, gaps, evidence,and recommendations. Results: This review included 74 studies published between 1951 and 2021. Most studies were retrospective in design. Themes in the data included demographics, stoma and peristomal assessment, stoma pouching systems, medical conditions and surgical risk, specialist support and knowledge for physical assessment, and diet and output. Conclusions: Individualized holistic assessment is needed for those individuals living with an ostomy. Assessment should incorporate physical factors beyond the stoma alone, such as nutrition, hydration, and functional considerations. Standardized assessment frameworks and further research on assessment factors and outcomes are needed to enhance evidence-informed practice.