Overcoming Structural and Socioeconomic Barriers to Female Micro-Entrepreneurship in Township Economies: A Qualitative Study From South Africa

Abstract

This study investigates the structural and socio-economic barriers confronting female micro-entrepreneurs in South Africa’s township economies, with a focus on their lived experiences and business sustainability. Adopting a qualitative research design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and observations involving women entrepreneurs across selected townships in Gauteng. Thematic analysis, guided by economic inclusion and intersectionality frameworks, was employed to interpret the data. The findings reveal persistent challenges, including limited access to finance, inadequate financial literacy, restricted market opportunities, unreliable supply chains, gender-based discrimination, weak mentorship support, digital exclusion, and regulatory complexities. Despite these constraints, participants demonstrated resilience through informal networks and adaptive strategies. The study highlights the need for inclusive, gender-sensitive interventions that enhance financial access, entrepreneurial capacity, and infrastructure development. It contributes to policy and practice by advocating for multi-stakeholder collaboration to promote sustainable and equitable female entrepreneurship in marginalized economies.