A review of emission sources, multimedia fate, different exposure routes, mixture toxicity, and management limitations of PAH derivatives provides a basis for improving risk assessment and environmental management of PAH derivatives.
Cheng-Long Wu, Xian Zhou, Peng-Fei Li et al.· Journal of Environmental Man...· 0 citations
It is suggested that currently marketed ENFs do not pose a significant PAH-related health risk for adult consumers, however, given the vulnerability of ENF users, continued monitoring of raw materials, processing, and packaging remains warranted to ensure product safety.
B. Başaran, O. Canlı, B. Güzel· Regulatory toxicology and ph...· 0 citations
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are compounds with well-established negative health effects. In this study, the levels of the 16 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - PAHs were determined in air and deposited dust in different indoor environments, including schools, homes and sports halls in six metropolitan areas across Europe (Athens, Barcelona, Colchester, Copenhagen, Helsinki and Lisbon). However, naphthalene, acenaphthylene, anthracene, and dibenz[ah]anthracene were excluded from the final dataset due to analytical limitations. Results showed considerable spatial variability, suggesting that the highest median PAH concentrations (>50,000 pg/m3) in both schools and homes are linked to emissions from intensive local residential wood burning and poor ventilation, while the lowest PAH concentrations were observed in south-western Europe (<10,000 pg/m3). The levels of high-molecular weight (HMW) PAHs were generally higher in schools compared to homes likely due to greater occupancy and accumulation of outdoor-derived particles. Low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs, on the other hand, were more prominent in homes and associated with household practices (e.g., cleaning and ventilation frequency). In addition to active air sampling, indoor air concentrations were also estimated based on concentrations in the deposited dust samples. However, this methodology underestimated HMW-PAHs. The estimated Excess Cancer Risk for a 5-year primary education exposure period (ECR5) across all monitored sites ranged from 10-8 to 10-5, remaining below the unacceptable risk value of 10-4, which was used as a contextual reference within the USEPA cancer risk assessment framework. Nevertheless, these findings highlight the need for continuous proactive strategies to reduce PAH exposure and improve indoor air quality, particularly in environments occupied by children.
Maria A. Aretaki, Judith Desmet, A. Karanasiou et al.· Environmental Research· 0 citations
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), despite being banned, persist in the environment and continue to pose potential risks to human health. This exploratory study investigated the concentrations of multiple OCPs in serum samples from 10 local residents and 52 surrounding environmental samples, including soil (n = 10), air (n = 12), indoor dust (n = 10), and food (n = 20), collected in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, in 2022. Multiple exposure pathways were quantified, and associated health risks were assessed. The results showed evidence of selective accumulation in humans, with serum ΣOCP concentrations ranging from 107.01 to 552.41 ng/g lipid weight (lw). p,p′-DDE was the predominant compound, accounting for 67.81% of total serum OCPs, while β-HCH showed relatively higher enrichment among HCH congeners. Lower proportions of p,p′-DDT and α-/γ-HCH were observed. Source contributions varied across media: food was the primary contributor to p,p′-DDE exposure, indoor dust and soil contributed more to β-HCH and certain DDT isomers, and the atmosphere showed a higher contribution of methoxychlor. Differences between integrated exposure profiles and serum composition highlighted the potential roles of metabolic transformation and lipid-associated accumulation in shaping internal OCP burdens. Risk assessment indicated that DDT metabolites and β-HCH were the major contributors to potential exposure risks. Overall, this study provides preliminary insights into the environmental–human distribution patterns of OCPs observed in Taizhou under post-ban conditions and highlights that environmental concentrations alone may not fully represent chronic internal exposure. These findings improve the understanding of potential OCP exposure pathways and emphasize the need for larger-scale studies incorporating population characteristics and refined exposure parameters for more comprehensive risk assessment
Yu-Hao Fan, Lei Hou, Ke-Cheng Guo et al.· Environmental Contamination:...· 0 citations
Intensive greenhouse farming creates distinct enclosed microclimates that can exacerbate the accumulation of persistent organic pollutants in agricultural soils. The primary objectives of this study were to quantify 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 12 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in tomato-cultivated greenhouse soils in Antalya, Turkiye, to apportion their emission sources, and to explicitly evaluate the influence of greenhouse cover materials (glass vs polyethylene plastic) and seasonal variations on pollutant dynamics. Furthermore, the study aimed to conduct a multi-pathway occupational health risk assessment specifically tailored for greenhouse workers. A total of 100 soil samples were collected across two campaigns (autumn and winter) from 50 greenhouses and 5 reference sites. Following GC/MS quantification, source apportionment was performed using EPA PMF 5.0, and human health risks were estimated via United States Environmental Protection Agency deterministic models. Results indicated that total PAH concentrations were generally higher in glass greenhouses due to limited UV-driven photodegradation, whereas PCB levels showed stronger inter-compound correlations under plastic covers governed by distinct ventilation practices. Positive matrix factorization modeling identified five PAH sources, dominated by diesel combustion (33%), and three PCB sources, primarily driven by atmospheric transport and commercial mixtures (60%). Occupational health assessments revealed that the incremental lifetime cancer risk for PAHs (6.45 × 10−5) and the non-carcinogenic Hazard Index for PCBs (1.30 × 10−3) remained within acceptable regulatory safety limits. However, dermal contact emerged as the overwhelmingly dominant exposure pathway (accounting for ∼75% of the total risk), highlighting the critical need for targeted occupational hygiene practices in enclosed agricultural environments.
Güray Doğan, Ahmet Mustafa Tepe, E. Dokumacı et al.· Environmental Research Commu...· 0 citations
The results showed that no age group is fully protected, highlighting the need to include FA, AA, and acrolein in Brazilian air quality standards, to implement stricter controls on vehicle emissions, and to establish extensive, continuous atmospheric monitoring.
Mateus S. Moreira, Lícia P. S. Cruz· Air quality, atmosphere and...· 0 citations
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