Risk Factors for Primary and Secondary Tuberculosis in the Warung Jambu Health Center Area, 2026

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, particularly in West Java, which has a high disease burden. This study aimed to identify factors associated with pulmonary TB in the working area of Puskesmas Warung Jambu, Bogor City, in 2026. An observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 100 respondents selected from patients treated at the health center. Primary data were collected using a Google Forms questionnaire, while secondary data were obtained from the Tuberculosis Information System. Associations were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Pulmonary TB was significantly associated with sex (PR=8.77; 95% CI: 3.51–21.88; p<0.001), permanent ventilation (PR=1.53; 95% CI: 0.64–3.69; p<0.001), house window size (p<0.001), active smoking (PR=6.50; p<0.001), and nutritional status (PR=1.70; 95% CI: 1.36–2.11; p<0.001). Age, education, occupation, income, HIV status, diabetes mellitus, bedroom window size, lighting, and passive smoking showed no significant associations. Male sex, inadequate home ventilation, active smoking, and undernutrition were important risk factors. Health promotion, active screening, smoking cessation, nutritional improvement, and healthier housing should be strengthened to support TB elimination