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Open access Sep 2026

Effect of Different Soil Amendments on Growth, Yield, and Yield Components of Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) Variety 08 Zudrus

This study was conducted from May–September 2025 / the 2025 growing season at the Research Farm of the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kabul University, to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth, yield, and yield components of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) variety 08 Zudrus. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments with three replications. Treatments included a control, NPK fertilizer, XiR Biomass containing 10% humic acid, and XiR Biomass containing 20% humic acid. Data on growth, yield components, and yield parameters were analyzed using STAR software (version 2.0.1) through analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 5% significance level. Fertilizer treatments significantly influenced several growth and yield traits. XiR Biomass containing 20% humic acid produced the tallest plants (35.10 cm), the highest number of pods per plant (10.53), and the greatest biological yield (7851.63 kg ha⁻¹), whereas XiR Biomass containing 10% humic acid produced the highest grain yield (2202.38 kg ha⁻¹) and number of grains per pod (11.00). In contrast, tiller number, branch number, pod length, pod width, and 100-seed weight were not significantly affected. Overall, XiR Biomass organic fertilizers showed greater potential than NPK fertilizer for improving mung bean growth and productivity under the agro-ecological conditions of Kabul.

Haroon Saidzay, Mohammad Daud Haidari, Mohammad Zahid Rashid · 0 citations
Open access Sep 2026

EVALUATION OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND COW URINE ON VEGETATIVE VIGOUR, REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS, AND YIELD OF STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA × ANANASSA DUCH.) CV. WINTER DAWN

The study was conducted at Horticultural Research Center, College of Horticulture, SVPUAT to assess the vegetative parameters, reproductive parameters and yield  of strawberry cultivar Winter Dawn to evaluate the exogenous application of PGR’s and cow urine. The experimental trial was carried out using the randomized block design (RBD) with three replications and nineteen treatments. Foliar application of plant growth regulators (GA3 and NAA) and cow urine was done with concentration (GA3 75 and 100 ppm), NAA (20 and 30 ppm) and cow urine (5 and 10 %). The results showed that both individual and combined application of foliar spray had shown big impact on the vegetative parameters, reproductive parameters and yield of strawberry plant. The pooled results had shown variation among the treatments for the studied characters. The treatment T18 GA3 100 ppm + NAA 20 ppm + Cow urine 10 % recorded maximum pooled number of leaves (20.23 at 90 DAP), petiole length (12.77 cm at 90 DAP) and maximum canopy spread (E-W 27.51 cm and N-S 24.17 cm). For reproductive and yield parameters, treatment T17 – GA3 75 ppm + NAA 30 ppm + Cow urine 5% significantly advanced the flowering duration taking minimum number of days to flowering (41.76 DAP), maximum number of fruits per plant (20.24) and recording maximum yield per plant (472.98 gm). The treatment effect for days taken to fruit set was non-significant (CD-NS). The findings demonstrate the combined application of synthetic growth regulators and cow urine enhance the vegetative vigor and reproductive traits in strawberry.

Antriksh Deshwal, Arvind Kumar, Sanjay Kumar Tripathi et al. · 0 citations
Open access Aug 2026

Effect of Foliar Spray of Different Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs), Micronutrients and Seaweed Extract on Vegetative Growth, Flowering, Fruit Yield and Quality of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)

An experiment was conducted during 2025–2026 at the Central Orchard (Horticulture Research Farm), Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Faculty of Agriculture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India, to evaluate foliar applications of plant growth regulators, micronutrients, and seaweed extract in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Kandhari. Eight-year-old, uniform trees of pomegranate cv. Kandhari were used for the study. The experiment was laid out in a randomised block design (RBD) with eleven treatments and three replications. The treatments comprised foliar applications of plant growth regulators (GA₃ and NAA), micronutrients (ZnSO₄ and borax), and seaweed extract, applied individually and in different combinations. The first foliar spray was applied in September 2025. The results revealed that treatment T₁₀ (GA₃ at 100 ppm + NAA at 40 ppm + seaweed extract at 5 ml L⁻¹ + ZnSO₄ at 0.5% + borax at 0.2%) produced the maximum vegetative growth and was the most effective treatment. However, T₆ (NAA at 40 ppm + ZnSO₄ at 0.5% + borax at 0.2%) was found to be the most economically viable treatment. The study indicates that integrated foliar application of plant growth regulators, micronutrients, and seaweed extract can significantly improve vegetative growth, total number of flowers, number of fruits per plant, and fruit weight (g) in pomegranate under Prayagraj agro-climatic conditions.

Rajani Srivastava, Deepak Lall, Vijay Bahadur et al. · 0 citations
Open access Jul 2026

Interactive Influence of Irrigation Regimes and Integrated Nutrient Management on Reproductive Performance and Seed Quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.)

A field experiment was conducted during 2023–24 and 2024–25 at the Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India, to evaluate the interactive effects of irrigation regimes and integrated nutrient management (INM) on the reproductive performance and seed quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) var. Kashi Aman. The experiment followed a split-plot design with three replications, comprising normal irrigation and drought stress in the main plots and eight nutrient treatments in the subplots. Drought advanced flowering but reduced locule number, seeds per fruit, seed test weight and germination. The integrated treatment comprising 50% recommended fertiliser dose, 50% vermicompost and biofertilisers recorded the highest locule numbers, seeds per fruit, seed test weights and germination under both irrigation regimes. The treatment comprising 100% vermicompost and biofertilisers induced the earliest flowering under normal and drought conditions. Vermicompost alone, vermicompost with biofertilisers and biofertilisers alone showed comparatively greater stability for selected reproductive and seed-quality traits under drought. Overall, combining inorganic, organic and microbial nutrient sources supported tomato reproductive performance and seed quality under water-limited conditions. These findings indicate the potential value of integrated nutrient management for improving reproductive efficiency under drought, although validation across additional cultivars, locations and quantified water regimes is required before broader recommendations are made.

Niteshwari Baghele, A. Pal · 0 citations
Open access Sep 2026

EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND LIQUID NANO-UREA ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH, FRUIT SET AND PHYSICAL QUALITY PARAMETER OF DRAGON FRUIT (HYLOCEREUS COSTARICENSIS)

Dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis) is an emerging fruit crop in subtropical regions, where optimization of vegetative growth and fruit development is essential for improving productivity. A two-year field experiment was conducted during 2024-25 and 2025-26 under subtropical conditions of Western Uttar Pradesh, India, to evaluate the effect of plant growth regulators and liquid nano-urea on growth and fruit attributes of dragon fruit. Ten treatments comprising brassinosteroid, jasmonic acid and liquid nano-urea in combination with the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications. The pooled results showed that T₂ (brassinosteroid 5 ppm + RDF) performed consistently better for most of the growth and fruit attributes. It recorded the highest plant length at 90 DAI (187.86 cm), number of segments (13.67 plant⁻¹) and number of areoles (300.67 plant⁻¹), while the maximum number of primary branches was recorded with T₁ (35.00 plant⁻¹). T₂ also produced the highest fruit length (12.25 cm), fruit volume (318.06 cc), fruit diameter (8.698 cm) and pulp weight (219.17 g). Fruit set was highest under T₂ and T₉ (98.17% each), compared with 94.67% in the control (T₀). Among the nano-urea treatments, T₈ (15 ml/4.5 L + RDF) showed comparatively better performance for growth and fruit attributes. Overall, the application of brassinosteroid at 5 ppm along with RDF was the most effective treatment for improving vegetative growth and physical fruit attributes of dragon fruit under the subtropical conditions of Western Uttar Pradesh.

A. Rawat, Sanjay Kumar Tripathi, Arvind Kumar et al. · 0 citations
Open access Aug 2026

INFLUENCE OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND ORGANIC SUBSTANCES ON FLOWERING DYNAMICS AND FRUIT QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF BER (ZIZIPHUS MAURITIANA LAMK.) CV. APPLE BER

This experiment was conducted to assess the influence of foliar application of different  plant growth regulators  and organic substances on flowering , fruit set, fruit retention, fruit drop, yield and quality parameter of ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk).cv. Apple Ber. Total 16 Treatments viz.Urea(1,2,3%),GA3(10,25,40ppm),NAA(10,30,50ppm),2,4 D(5,10,15 ppm), Humicacid (1,1.5,2%)with 3 replication were applied in RBD design. The result revealed that minimum days taken for Initiation of flowering (5.90 days), minimum days taken for 50% flowering (14.92 days)  and  minimum days taken for 100% flowering (23.63 days) ,maximum initial fruit set (3711), fruit retention (24.92%) and minimum fruit drop (75.07%) were recorded with NAA 50 ppm. Highest fruit yield (37.62kg/ Plant) produced with 40 ppm GA3 over control (8.35 kg/Plant). The quantitative character of fruits i.e. maximum volume (49.57cc), length (4.78cm), diameter (4.74mm), fruit weight (50.99g), pulp weight (46.45g) found with 40ppm GA3. The minimum stone weight (2.75g) observed with Urea @ 1% .The qualitative character i.e. TSS (12.9 0Brix), ascorbic acid (87.46 mg/100g), reducing sugar ( 4.82 %), non- reducing sugar(7.313 %), Total sugar (12.13%) observed maximum and minimum acidity (0.43%) with the application of GA3  @40 ppm.

Abhay Bisen, U. Deshmukh, Rahul Dongre et al. · 0 citations

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