Enhancing Safety Standards in Aircraft Maintenance Laboratories

The Role of Training and Professional Attitude in Building a Safety Culture in Aircraft Maintenance

Aviation safety is a fundamental aspect of the aerospace industry, particularly in aircraft maintenance activities, which are highly complex and risky. Various studies show that maintenance failures are not only caused by technical factors, but are also significantly influenced by human factors. This study aims to analyze the role of Human Factors training and the professional attitudes of technicians in fostering a safety culture in the aircraft maintenance environment. The method used is a literature study by analyzing relevant scientific publications from 1990 to 2024. The results of the study show that Human Factors training contributes to increasing risk awareness, communication quality, and the decision-making abilities of technicians. In addition, professional attitudes play an important role in encouraging procedural compliance and safe work behavior. The integration of continuous training and professionalism coaching has been proven to strengthen the safety culture of aircraft maintenance organizations in a sustainable manner.

Hazard Identification in Aircraft Design: A Systematic Review of ARP4761-Based Methods, STPA and MBSE-Enabled Safety Assessment

Hazard identification remains a foundational activity in aircraft design because it shapes early safety objectives, architectural decisions, and certification strategies throughout the development lifecycle. However, the growing complexity of modern aircraft systems has challenged the sufficiency of traditional failure-centered approaches when used in isolation. This systematic literature review synthesizes the current state of knowledge on hazard identification and analysis for aircraft design, with particular emphasis on AFHA, PASA, FHA, and STPA, while also examining how these methodologies are being integrated with Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE). Following a PRISMA-based review protocol, the study screened records retrieved from Web of Science, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore, yielding a final corpus of 106 peer-reviewed studies for qualitative and thematic analysis. The results show that traditional ARP4761-based methods remain the dominant foundation of certification-oriented hazard identification, but that STPA has gained relevance as a complementary approach for capturing interaction hazards, software-related risks, and human-automation issues that are not naturally expressed as single-component failure conditions. The review also shows a growing movement toward hybrid methodological frameworks and MBSE-enabled safety workflows, particularly to improve traceability, front-load safety analyses, and maintain consistency between design models and safety artefacts. At the same time, the evidence reveals persistent gaps in certification alignment, empirical validation, scalability, interoperability, and the translation of systems-theoretic outputs into certification-native artefacts. Overall, the literature indicates that the future of aircraft hazard identification lies not in replacing established approaches, but in integrating traditional, systems-theoretic, and model-based methods into more coherent, traceable, and scalable safety-assessment processes.

Measuring safety in aviation empirical results about the relation between safety outcomes and safety management system processes, operational activities and demographic data

Flight supervision and pilot training standards: a study of international aviation regulations

This paper analyzes variations in pilot training and licensing policies across four major organizations: the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), and the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) of Indonesia. The main issue here is the impact of contradictory training pathway requirements, flight hours, simulator requirements, language proficiency requirements, and instructor qualification requirements on aviation safety, license transferability, and the construction of the pilot training system in Indonesia. This study employs a qualitative research design, combining a systematic literature review with regulatory comparative analysis. The findings demonstrate that the prescriptive and competency-based model is most prevalent in EASA, where simulation and multi-crew requirements are widely applied; whereas in the FAA, the emphasis is more on total flight experience and rules related to 1,500 hours; and in the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations (CASR), there is minimal implementation but overall consistent with ICAO minimum. The paper finds that the country must progressively harmonize with modern ICAO, EASA, and FAA standards of good practice, prioritizing competency-based training (CBT), fatigue risk management, simulator capacity, and instructor professionalization to enhance safety performance and international recognition.

Safety assessment of aircraft transport service and the impact of unmanned aircraft accidents in traffic

Specific aircraft services, such as transport, exist in a wide range of safety targets. This paper analyses a safety assessment method applicable to both manned and unmanned aircraft, offering the following contributions. First, different aircraft types, services, and current specifications have been reviewed and consolidated into exhaustive lists. This is followed by determining the most stringent service alongside the existing gaps, particularly the lack of a universal safety assessment method. To address these identified gaps, this paper assesses safety and the impact of its allocated performance, validated by the most stringent service. The primary significance of this paper lies in its contribution to academic literature, presenting innovative methods for deriving safety targets and apportioning risk, which are crucial for determining the required navigation performance parameters of accuracy, integrity, continuity and availability. This research provides foundational support for studies into integrity and continuity risk issues. The second significance lies in the advancement of practice, as service providers and policymakers can utilise the findings to establish relevant specifications including safety targets. To support industry and standardisation sectors in aircraft transport, an alert limit has been established at 3 m, accompanied by a safety target of 1.0 × 10 -5 per hour. Although these values provide a general benchmark, their applicability typically depends on both the type of service and the specific phase of operation.

Occupational Accidents in Industrial Maintenance: A Systematic Review of Typologies and Causal Factors

Industrial maintenance, as it involves direct contact with the internal components of machinery and equipment, entails a high level of exposure to occupational risks, requiring integrated analyses that correlate accident types, causal agents, and maintenance strategies. The aim of this study was to systematically map these associations, offering a fresh perspective on how specific maintenance strategies dictate accident causality. To this end, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted following the PRISMA protocol, analyzing articles indexed in Scopus and Web of Science. The results indicated that unplanned corrective maintenance practices are more strongly associated with the occurrence of accidents than planned corrective, preventive, and predictive maintenance strategies. This scenario is exacerbated by deficiencies in maintenance planning, inadequate equipment conditions, and insufficient infrastructure investment. It was also observed that misalignment across different organizational levels contributes to accidents by limiting the consolidation of a safety culture and hindering the implementation of preventive approaches. Ultimately, the contribution of this article is providing a structured theoretical synthesis of how organizational misalignment and specific maintenance policies directly degrade occupational safety. By illuminating these complex interactions, this study adds new knowledge to the literature, establishing an evidence‐based foundation to systematically incorporate maintenance impacts into strategic health and safety decision‐making.