Comparative analysis of the industrial and innovation policies in South Korea and Brazil

Abstract

Abstract South Korea stands out on the international stage due to substantial economic and social improvements over recent decades. A factor considered fundamental to the evolution of quality of life standards in South Korea is the long-term planning executed through its Five-Year Plans following the Korean War. The implementation of these Plans strengthened national industry and allocated high volumes of public investment to science and innovation, ensuring an increase in total factor productivity. Conversely, Brazil remains caught in the underdevelopment trap, showing limited progress in economic and social aspects, and lacking continuous long-term public policy planning for industrialization and innovation. This study was based on the literature regarding development and the countries’ national plans. The results demonstrate that institutional continuity, long-term State coordination, the strengthening of technological capabilities, and investment in education, industry, and research and development were decisive for South Korean progress. This article contributes to the debate by identifying lessons for the Brazilian context and reinforcing the importance of forward-looking State policies to promote sustainable development and innovation.