Information and Communication Technologies as a Strategy for Developing Critical Thinkers

Abstract

Critical thinking is an essential competence in contemporary education, which has driven the integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) into teaching and learning processes. This study aimed to analyze the scientific evidence on ICT-based strategies that foster the development of critical thinking. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines using the Scopus and SciELO databases, resulting in the selection of 20 studies published between 2023 and 2026. The findings indicate that artificial intelligence, collaborative platforms, gamification, and virtual learning environments strengthen critical thinking when integrated through active learning methodologies and supported by adequate teacher digital competence. Barriers related to teacher trai-ning, the digital divide, and institutional constraints were also identified. The study concludes that the educational impact of ICT depends more on pedagogical integration than on technological availability.