Correlation of p53 Expression with Histopathological Grading and Myometrial Invasion in Endometrioid Endometrial Carcinoma

Abstract

Endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC) is commonly assessed using histopathological grade and myometrial invasion, while p53 expression may provide complementary molecular information. This study aimed to assess the correlation of p53 expression with histopathological grade and myometrial invasion in EEC. This retrospective analytic observational study included 60 hysterectomy specimens diagnosed as EEC at Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, during 2022–2025. p53 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and classified as wild-type or abnormal. Associations were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test and correlations using Spearman’s test. p53-abnormal expression was identified in 13.3% of cases and was more frequent in high-grade than low-grade EEC (21.4% vs. 6.3%; OR=4.09; p=0.130) and in tumors with myometrial invasion >=50% than <50% (20.0% vs. 4.0%; OR=6.00; p=0.123). Correlations with histopathological grade (ro=0.223; p=0.131) and myometrial invasion (ro=0.232; p=0.124) were weak and not statistically significant. Although no significant associations or correlations were found, p53 immunohistochemistry may provide additional biological information after histopathological diagnosis, particularly where access to comprehensive molecular testing is limited. Integrating p53 status with histopathological, clinicopathological, and other molecular parameters may support more comprehensive EEC risk stratification and potentially help optimize patient management within resource-limited clinical settings and tertiary referral hospitals.