DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS IN INDIA: CHALLENGES AND REFORMS

Abstract

Disaster management is an essential component of public administration, governance, and sustainable development. Its efficacy depends on a well-defined institutional framework, clear administrative responsibilities, adequate financial and human resources, effective interdepartmental coordination, and community participation. In India, the Disaster Management Act, 2005, established the legal framework for disaster management at national, state, and district levels. However, the existence of formal institutions does not automatically ensure effective implementation. The Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG), through its reports on civil disaster preparedness and disaster management in Karnataka, has examined institutional weaknesses relating to preparedness, planning, coordination, capacity building, and early warning systems. International research has also emphasised the importance of strengthening local-government authority and capacity for disaster risk reduction. This article analyses the institutional arrangements for disaster management in India, examines documented administrative challenges, and proposes measures to improve institutional performance. It argues that disaster governance must move beyond a predominantly relief-oriented approach towards an integrated, accountable, participatory, and risk-informed system.