Protocol for a scoping review of empirical applications of the PRECEDE–PROCEED model in health promotion and public health since 2000

Abstract

The PRECEDE–PROCEED model is a comprehensive and effective framework for designing, implementing and evaluating health promotion and public health programs aimed at improving individual and community health and quality of life. However, the published literature on its application is extensive and dispersed. This protocol outlines a scoping review that aims to map the extent, range and nature of empirical studies employing the PRECEDE–PROCEED model in public health over 25 years. This scoping review will include qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods empirical studies. A systematic search will be conducted across major electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and ProQuest. Eligibility criteria will be defined using the Population–Concept–Context (PCC) framework, rather than PICO, to suit the descriptive nature of a scoping review. Studies will be screened for eligibility by two independent reviewers based on titles, abstracts and full texts. Data extraction will focus on key characteristics of the studies, including population, concept (application of PRECEDE–PROCEED phases), context (setting and health topic), study design and reported outcomes. Quality appraisal of individual studies will not be performed, aligning with standard scoping review practices, although the breadth of evidence will be described. Reporting will adhere to the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and relevant Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines. The findings will be presented through a descriptive synthesis of the included studies. This will involve charting extracted data to map the characteristics of the literature, including the types of health promotion programs, target populations, settings, geographical distribution and the specific phases and components of the PRECEDE–PROCEED model that have been applied. This scoping review will provide a comprehensive overview of the existing research landscape concerning the PRECEDE–PROCEED model in public health. It will illuminate patterns of use, identify areas of extensive and limited application and highlight potential gaps in the literature, thereby informing future research directions and practical applications of the model.