Risk Factors Influencing Long-Term Survival of Dental Implants: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Dental implants are advanced and widely regarded as a predictable treatment modality for the replacement of missing teeth. However, long-term survival is influenced by multiple biological, behavioral, and technical factors. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the risk factors affecting long-term implant survival. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for studies published between January 2013 and April 2024. Human clinical studies assessing implant survival ≥1 year post-loading and reporting associated risk factors were included. Study selection followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tools. Results: A total of 38 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Implant survival rates ranged from 85% to 98% across studies. Major risk factors identified included smoking, history of periodontitis, poor oral hygiene, and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.