Analysis of national strategies and programs for scientific, technological, and transport development of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus

Abstract

Aim. The study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of national strategies governing the scientific, technological, and transport development of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus amidst the deepening integration processes within the Union State, as well as to determine the regulatory potential for implementing alternative second-level transport systems. Objectives. To achieve this, the following objectives were addressed: comparing key parameters of long-term technological policy planning of the two countries; analyzing the management architecture of the sci-tech sector; examining the dynamics of macroeconomic innovation indicators over a ten-year period; and assessing the prospects of integrating ecofriendly elevated complexes into the existing legal frameworks of preferential regimes. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study comprises methods of comparative analysis, systemic and structural-functional approaches, statistical analysis of macroeconomic indicators of the two countries, and graphical visualization of the structure of public investments. Results. The study reveals that the technological trajectories of the of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus exhibit a high degree of complementarity, combining Russia’s focus on accelerated import substitution with Belarus’s long-term forecasting of technological niches. Key mechanisms supporting innovative transport developers are identified, including the preferences of the High Tech Park, the concept of the “right to risk,” and the development institutions of the Union State. Based on the analysis of statistical data, the study justifies the need for a gradual shift in public funding from modernizing traditional road infrastructure to developing cyber-physical intelligent second-level transport systems.