Preliminary Batch System Study of Chlorella vulgaris Adaptability for Domestic Wastewater Treatment: A Participatory Community Empowerment and Technology Transfer Model

Abstract

Poor management of domestic wastewater poses severe public health risks and economic burdens on local communities due to waterborne diseases and environmental degradation. To address this crisis, this study evaluates an eco-friendly biological treatment using Chlorella vulgaris microalgae for domestic wastewater sourced from the Keputih Faecal Sludge Treatment Plant (FSWTP) in Surabaya. Over a 7-day experimental duration, batch samples of wastewater were characterized, and microalgae growth was monitored during the seeding phase in Walne medium. Initial analysis revealed critical pollutant loads: Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) at 1456 mg/L, Nitrate at 346.9 mg/L, and Phosphate at 11.3 mg/L. Throughout the 7 days, microalgae density increased significantly from 0.42 × 106 to 1.81 × 106 cells/mL under optimal environmental conditions (pH 7.8–9.0, temperature 27.4–29.1 °C, and DO 7.4–9.1 mg/L). This robust biomass proliferation not only demonstrates effective biological remediation but also offers socio-economic benefits through potential resource recovery, such as utilizing the harvested algal biomass for bio-fertilizers or alternative energy. Ultimately, this sustainable remediation strategy transforms hazardous waste into valuable ecological assets, advancing global targets for universal access to clean water, resilient urban communities, and responsible resource management. Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):SDG 2: Zero Hunger SDG 6: Clean Water and SanitationSDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure SDG 12: Responsible Consumption & Production