Energy Law 2025 in the Republic of North Macedonia: Strengths, Weaknesses and Challenges

Abstract

The new Energy Law of the Republic of North Macedonia, adopted in 2025 (Official Gazette No. 101/2025 and 135/2025), introduces significant innovations aimed at modernizing the energy sector and further integration with European energy legislation. This paper provides an analysis of the key novelties introduced by the law, a comparison with the previous legal provisions, and an assessment of its advantages, weaknesses, and challenges in practical implementation. The main advantages include improved market regulation, stimulation of investments in renewable energy sources, and strengthened consumer protection. On the other hand, weaknesses are noticeable, such as the complexity of administrative procedures, potential legal omissions, and limited institutional capacity. Challenges remain in aligning with European decarbonization policies and securing financial and technical resources. The conclusion emphasizes the need for continuous updating of the law to ensure effective implementation with the ultimate goal of creating a sustainable and competitive energy system.