A Cross-sectional Analysis of Patterns of Occupational Injuries among Patients Presenting at Lahore General Hospital Trauma Center

Abstract

Background: Occupational injuries are a preventable cause of morbidity and disability, especially in developing countries with limited enforcement of workplace safety standards. This study aimed to describe occupational injury patterns and find independent risk factors for severe injury among patients attending Lahore General Hospital Trauma Center. Methods: This study collected demographic, occupational, injury, and clinical data through interviews, examinations, and hospital records of 240 adults with work-related injuries. Injuries were classified as mild/moderate or severe based on injury type, surgery, multiple injuries, intensive care unit admission, and prolonged hospitalization. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 26.0, and multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with severe injury at p < 0.05. Results: The proportions of industrial and construction workers were 93 (38.8%) and 66 (27.5%), respectively. The most common injuries were machinery-related 71 (29.6%) and falls from height 58 (24.2%), with the upper limbs the most common site of injury 100 (41.7%). Fractures accounted for the highest frequency 87 (36.3%), with 96 (40.0%) requiring surgery and 118 (49.2%) being admitted. Severe injury was independently associated with lack of personal protective equipment (AOR=3.74, 95% CI: 1.95–7.16), working >8 hours/day (AOR=2.96, 95% CI: 1.54–5.69), experience <5 years (AOR=2.41, 95% CI: 1.23–4.71), no formal safety training (AOR=2.18, 95% CI: 1.08–4.39), and machinery-related accidents (AOR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.01–3.82). Conclusion: Most of the occupational injuries involve machinery, falls, upper limbs, and fractures suffered by males. Better compliance with PPE, more formal safety training, and supervision of inexperienced workers could reduce serious occupational trauma.