Micro-Modelling Approach for In-Plane Load Response of Laterite Masonry Walls

Abstract

This study investigates the in-plane structural performance of laterite masonry walls (LMW), a common masonry unit in South India, focusing on the impact of key construction parameters. A micro-modeling approach using the Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) model in ABAQUS was employed to simulate the lateral and compressive behaviour of laterite masonry prism and wall. Parameters such as modulus of elasticity of Laterite stone and mortar, mortar joint thickness, wall configurations, bonding patterns (English, Flemish, and stretcher), and height-to-length (H/L) ratios were examined. The material properties used in the simulations were derived from laboratory tests to ensure a realistic representation. The results show that the compressive strength decreases by about 8-10% when increasing mortar joint thickness from 10 mm to 30 mm. Low H/L ratios greatly improve the lateral resistance of squat walls, allowing them to withstand loading levels double those of slender walls. Bonding configurations were shown to be relevant for both failure modes and structural response, with interlocking constitutions resulting in better performance. The simulations capture crack initiation, propagation, and interface debonding with LMW, exhibiting clear nonlinear behaviour. The results give a quantitative insight into how material and geometric parameters influence the behaviour of laterite masonry and assist in more accurate modelling and design of LMW.