Static dipolar impurity in a Fermi gas

Abstract

We consider a static dipolar impurity immersed in a Fermi gas and show how dipolar interactions shape both the few-body scattering properties and the resulting polaron physics. Using Fumi's theorem, we connect the anisotropic phase shifts directly to the ground-state energy, and compute the exact impurity spectrum via the functional determinant approach. The resulting spectrum is a convolution of independent even- and odd-wave contributions, giving rise to a ground state with simultaneously occupied even- and odd-wave bound states whose separation is tunable via the dipole length. A variational ansatz limited to one particle-hole excitation fails to capture this doubly occupied ground state. We further find that long-range dipolar interactions weaken Anderson's orthogonality catastrophe, reducing the power-law decay of the quasiparticle weight. These effects can be tested with ultracold polar molecules, where microwave shielding and independent tunability of interactions enable experimental access to the predicted regimes.