Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Perception of Aging and Fear of Falling in Low-Income Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract

Introduction: Fear of falling (FOF) is a key psychological factor associated with fall risk in older adults. Little is known about self-perception of aging (SPA) as a correlate of FOF. This study examined the relationship between FOF and SPA.  Methods: Community-dwelling older adults were recruited from senior programs. SPA was assessed with the Brief-Ageing Perceptions Questionnaire (B-APQ) and FOF with the Short Falls Efficacy Scale-International (Short FES-I). Spearman rank correlation coefficient (ρ) examined associations between FOF and B-APQ subscales.   Results: A total of 286 older adults (mean age = 73.49 ± 6.90 years) were analyzed. Timeline Chronic subscale (ρ = 0.195, p = 0.001) and Emotional Representation (ρ = 0.232, p < 0.001) were positively associated with FOF. Consequences and Control Negative (ρ = -0.295, p < 0.001) and Control Positive (ρ = -0.142, p = 0.018) were negatively associated with FOF. No significant association emerged for Consequences Positive. Conclusions: Negative SPA dimensions were linked to higher FOF. Among positive dimensions, only Control Positive showed a modest inverse association. Individuals with negative SPA tend to report an elevated FOF and view older adulthood as detrimental, a period of increased loss, and a threat to control. These findings highlight the need to assess internalized aging beliefs. Targeting negative SPA in interventions may reduce FOF by shifting perceptions toward neutral or positive views on aging, informing more effective fall-prevention programs for older adults.