Wi-Fi Sensing Technology for Respiration and Heart Rate Monitoring

Abstract

Respiration rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) are core vital signs for assessing human health. Sensing respiration rate and heart rate helps warn of falls, sleep disorders, respiratory diseases, and abnormal heart activity. According to the World Health Organization, the number of people aged 60 and above in the world will reach 2.1 billion by 2050. Traditional contact monitoring methods have the limitation of poor compliance, while traditional non-contact detection methods have the limitation of privacy leakage risks or high deployment costs and difficult installation. In recent years, WiFi sensing technology has become a hot topic in the field of respiratory heart rate monitoring due to its advantages such as non-contact, low cost and privacy protection. This paper systematically reviews the key technical principles and state-of-the-art approaches of WiFi sensing in the field of respiratory heart rate monitoring. This paper first presents the evolution from RSSI to CSI, then categorizes the latest model methods: concentric circle model, hardware-enhanced method for multi-person monitoring (digital programmable metasurface), multimodal fusion method (WiFi CSI+ camera), and finally summarizes the future challenges and developments.