On the issue of developing a microelectronic control unit for shunting signals of the railways of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Abstract

At present, various interlocking systems are being introduced at railway stations-relay-processor interlocking (RPI) and microprocessor interlocking (MPI) – designed to control switches and signals. The main advantage of these systems is the expansion of existing capabilities and the emergence of new prospects in railway automation and telemechanics systems intended for high-speed train control. At the same time, the high cost of MPI systems, along with the fact that RPI systems are relatively inexpensive but not locally manufactured, remains a pressing issue for the railways of the Republic of Uzbekistan in this field. In the process of finding a step-by-step solution to this technical problem, issues are being studied related to the creation of algorithms and the development of mathematical models for the operation of shunting signal control units at railway stations based on automata theory, as well as the development of primary subroutines for elementary circuits. The aim of this work is to investigate the possibility of eliminating the use of code electromagnetic relays of the KDR type, which are physically and morally obsolete, by replacing them with modern contactless elements using microprocessor controllers. The subject of the research includes methods of implementation and mathematical modeling based on the theory of finite automata, the development of operational algorithms, software implementation, digital processing of analog signals, and experimental research methods for microprocessor-based control units for shunting signals. To achieve the stated objectives-namely, eliminating electromagnetic relays in shunting signal control circuits, reducing energy consumption and maintenance costs, ensuring compact size and high reliability through the active use of industrial controllers based on advanced technologies, and promoting localization of production-microprocessorbased control units for shunting signals have been developed. The field of application of these microprocessor control units for shunting signals is railway automation and telemechanics systems. The scientific significance of the research results lies in the synthesis of mathematical models for optimizing and analyzing the operation of software for microprocessor control units based on microcontrollers. Circuit design solutions for electrical components, as well as methods for their implementation and replacement, have been identified, enabling the elimination of electromagnetic relays and supporting the introduction of energy- and resource-saving technologies along with the localization of production.