Optimal Sizing of a Renewable Hybrid Power System in a Standalone House Considering Vehicle-to-Home Integration

Abstract

This paper presents the optimal sizing of wind turbine (WT), photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage system (BES) for standalone houses with electric vehicles (EVs) by considering vehicle-to-home (V2H) operation. To minimise the net present cost (NPC) and levelised cost of energy (LCOE) over the project lifespan for residential households, particle swarm optimisation (PSO) is utilised, and a demand-side management (DSM) is implemented. Stochastic functions are used to investigate the uncertainties regarding the availability of EVs based on arrival and departure times and initial state of charge (SOC). The study evaluates three configurations: PV-BES-EV, WT-BES-EV, and PV-WT-BES-EV. A fuzzy-logic-based DSM strategy is developed to perform load shifting using the SOC of the EV, and BES with day-ahead forecasts of WT and PV generation. Results show that when V2H and DSM are incorporated, all configurations experience reductions in required battery capacity and hence system cost. The proposed hybrid power system also results in substantial CO2 emission reduction compared with existing studies for standalone houses in remote areas.