Correlation Among Serum Levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease Among Adults Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Lahore: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study

Abstract

Background: Demonstrate the correlation of vitamin D status with cardiac health is insufficient in Pakistani clinical populations and is observed in cross-sectional studies. The purpose of that research is to compare the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in adults without and with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Lahore. Objective: To make comparisons of serum levels of 25(OH)D and to explore the connection among these and CVD status. Methods: It is a cross-sectional comparative research was conducted from February 1, 2023, to February 1, 2024. One hundred fifty (150) adults aged 42 to 70 years were recruited using consecutive non-probability sampling, with 75 of these participants having clinically confirmed CVD and 75 who were either never diagnosed with or currently had no CVD. CVD diagnosis was made by clinical history, angiography, CABG/PCI, stress testing, ECG, cardiac biomarkers and/or echo. The 25(OH)D level was assessed by ELISA (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). Independent t-test was used for between group comparisons. Results: Participants with cardiovascular disease (CVD) had decreased 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration in the serum as compared to participants without CVD. Deficiency of vitamin D was more prominent in the CVD group (58.6%) correlated with the non-CVD group (48%). 25(OH)D concentration was noteably decreased in CVD group as compared to non-CVD group (23.11 ± 2.37 vs. 25.05 ± 4.42 ng/mL; p<0.001) . Existing results highlight the main role of vitamin D as a modifiable risk factor in cardiovascular health. Conclusion: Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D at lower values is associated with increased cardiovascular disease. Future research is desirable to suggest vitamin D supplements to lessen the menace of CVD.