Serodetection of antibodies against bovine enzootic leukosis virus in confined Holstein cattle herds

Abstract

ABSTRACT: The enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) virus is the etiological agent of a permanent and incurable infection in cattle. The virus integrates into the host’s DNA and replicates continuously, primarily infecting B lymphocytes and negatively affecting the immune response of infected cattle. With oncogenic potential, the virus is responsible for the development of lymphomas in adult cattle; however, neoplasia is uncommon, occurring in approximately 2-5% of infected animals. Most seropositive cattle remain subclinical, which may lead to decreased immunity, particularly when associated with other diseases. This study aimed to estimate herd-level and within-herd seroprevalence of antibodies against EBL in confined dairy cow herds in the northern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Four commercial farms using Free Stall or Compost Barn systems were selected by convenience, and all cows older than six months of age were sampled, totaling 750 animals. Serum samples were tested using a commercial blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies against EBL virus. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate herd-level and within-herd seroprevalences and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). All herds had at least one seropositive animal (herd-level prevalence: 100%). Within-herd seroprevalence varied across the four herds, ranging from 51% in the São Luiz Gonzaga herd to 65.2% in the Salvador das Missões herd, and the overall seroprevalence among all sampled cows was 55.1% (95% CI: 51.2-58.9). These results demonstrate a high level of EBL seropositivity among dairy cows in the four confined herds evaluated in this study in the northern region of Rio Grande do Sul and indicate similarities in management practices and seroprevalence across these farms.