Ze Theory: A Comprehensive Information-Theoretic Framework for Fundamental Physics, Cosmology, and Black Hole Spacetime Inversion

Abstract

Ze Theory proposes that physical reality emerges from the combinatorial structure of binary event streams, partitioned into T-events (stasis/repetition) and S-events (transition/change). The theory derives the Lorentz group as an automorphism of Ze counting, providing a foundational justification for relativistic kinematics without geometric postulates. The central insight of the framework is that black holes represent regions where space transitions into time through the inversion of the Ze impedance . This reversal is possible only because time is the primary resource: in stars, time is expended to generate space; in black holes, the accumulated spatial structure reverts to its temporal origin. The framework bears on the Hubble tension (predicting on the SH0ES side), provides a natural explanation for dark matter as a mathematical truncation error (with a predicted abundance ratio matching Planck), explains anomalous early galaxy formation observed by JWST, and predicts a spectral index for the NANOGrav stochastic gravitational wave background consistent with recent observations. The theory yields testable predictions across thirteen distinct empirical domains: (1) Mercury perihelion precession, (2) gravitational lensing, (3) gravitational-wave ringdown and echoes, (4) propagation-speed differences between gravitational and electromagnetic waves, (5) the cosmic microwave background and baryon-acoustic oscillations (the Hubble tension), (6) dark matter as a truncation error, (7) galaxy formation and evolution, (8) neutron-star equations of state, (9) accretion-disk dynamics, (10) the NANOGrav stochastic gravitational-wave background spectral index, (11) ultra-high-energy cosmic rays and the GZK limit, (12) Planck-scale quantum structure, and (13) the emergence of spacetime—and temporal priority—from discrete counting. This paper presents the complete mathematical formalism, empirical validations, and falsification protocols for the Ze framework. Throughout, the thirteen domains are presented as testable predictions of the framework; where a prediction is currently consistent with existing data this is stated, but none is claimed as an independent confirmation unless an explicit quantitative comparison is given.