Integration of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) With Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR): A Comprehensive Technical, Economic, And Environmental Review

Abstract

The dual challenge of meeting global energy demand and mitigating climate change has driven significant research into Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) technologies, with Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) serving as a key utilization pathway [1, 3]. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review of CCUS–EOR integration from technical, economic, and environmental perspectives. Technical discussions cover CO₂ capture methods, transport infrastructure, and injection mechanisms with a focus on Niger Delta reservoirs [11]. Economic analyses highlight cost components, revenue streams from incremental oil production, and lessons from global projects such as Weyburn-Midale, Petra Nova, and Sleipner [9, 14]. Environmental considerations examine CO₂ storage permanence, leakage risks, life-cycle assessments, and contribution to global climate targets [25, 35]. The review identifies limitations of stand-alone CCS projects and conventional EOR methods, emphasizing the novelty of integrated CCUS–EOR as a dual-purpose solution [28]. Emerging research trends—including low-cost capture technologies, advanced monitoring techniques, and supportive regulatory frameworks—are explored to support large-scale deployment in developing economies. The findings position CCUS–EOR as a transitional pathway for oil-producing nations like Nigeria, offering both extended hydrocarbon recovery and verifiable climate mitigation benefits [5].