TL;DR
This review explores the multidimensional regulatory roles of PD-1 in CD8⁺ T cells, with a focus on elucidating the diverse functions and clinical significance of PD-1⁺CD8⁺ T cells in cancer, chronic infections, and autoimmune diseases.
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1, CD279) is a pivotal inhibitory immune checkpoint receptor that plays a central role in maintaining immune homeostasis and peripheral tolerance. Originally characterized as a negative regulator of T-cell activation, PD-1 limits excessive immune responses and prevents autoimmunity,...
Recent studies have identified antigen-experienced TCF1+PD-1+ lineage-negative (lin-) CD4 T cells in several tumor types. Strictly, stemness requires durable self-renewal and multipotent output demonstrated at the single-cell level; these criteria have not yet been established for an individual tumor-associated CD4 T c...
This emerging view frames exhaustion as a context-dependent extension of the memory program rather than its collapse, and highlights how these insights can inform new approaches to manipulate T cell fate for therapeutic benefit.
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are critical immune checkpoints that dynamically maintain the balance between immune tolerance and immune activation. Immune checkpoint blockade targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis can restore T cell-mediated antitumor immunity and has shown remarka...
Research into basic PD-1 biology, together with the clinical picture of cancer patients treated with PD-1 blockade, converge to emphasize that PD-1 engages complex signaling networks to support T cell homeostasis, differentiation and immune responses. However, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding in the...
During chronic infection, the persistence of antigen and inflammation leads to the differentiation of CD8+ T cells into an exhausted state characterised by expression of inhibitory receptors (IRs) and the progressive loss of T cell functions. Among the different subsets of exhausted CD8+ T (Tex) cells, Tex progenitors...
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