Evolving Attitudes toward English: A Generational Perspective on Bilinguals in Sri Lanka

Abstract

The status of English as a lingua franca has led to the emergence of many varieties, especially in countries with colonial influence, shaping diverse language attitudes among its users. In the Sri Lankan context, where English is used as a Second Language, it is often perceived as a symbol of social status and a source of linguistic discrimination. The present study adopts a qualitative approach to examine the language attitudes of bilingual Sri Lankan speakers toward English, with a particular focus on generational differences. For data collection, 23 bilingual Sri Lankans, whose first language is either Sinhala or Tamil, were divided into Generation Z (ages 13–28) and Generation Y (ages 29–44) using the purposive sampling method. A web-based questionnaire was administered to all participants to identify the impact of bilingualism on speakers' attitudes towards English, followed by an interview addressing the second research question on varied attitudes among the generations. Using thematic analysis to review the data, the findings highlighted notable differences in attitudes toward English between the two generations. Generation Z displayed a more positive perception of the language, viewing it as a functional tool for communication rather than an indicator of social status. Their responses reflected acceptance of diverse English varieties, including Sri Lankan English, facilitated by their exposure to digital platforms and intercultural communication. In contrast, Generation Y associated English with power, prestige, and class distinction. The study therefore indicates a shift in language attitudes among bilinguals in Sri Lanka, from traditional perspectives toward a broader, usage-based understanding. This shift emphasizes the redefinition of English in Sri Lanka from a “Kaduwa,” associated with oppression and linguistic power, to a “Bridge,” where its use is more functional and situational.