Artificial Intelligence of Things for Cardiac Healthcare: A Comprehensive Survey

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) is a paradigm shift in cardiac healthcare that combines Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies to develop an intelligent, real time monitoring system with real time knowledge and personalisation. However, as cardiovascular diseases become more prevalent, maintaining accurate and reliable data, security, and optimizing resources for consistent health care services are difficult. This survey provides a comprehensive review of the recent advances in cardiac healthcare systems based on AIoT, including the deployment of wearable sensors and smart monitoring, the design of cloud-edge computing systems, machine learning and deep learning for disease prediction and diagnosis. It summarizes research advances, application domains, system architecture and performance results and identifies significant technical, ethical and operational challenges, including data privacy, data interoperability, scalability and energy efficiency. The findings show that AIoT has the potential to make a meaningful contribution in areas such as disease detection, remote patient monitoring, predictive analytics, and clinical decision-making, ultimately enhancing healthcare quality and patient outcomes. The survey also indicates new opportunities in federated learning, digital twins, explainable AI, and health care networks with 6G. The results presented in this review provide a detailed basis for future intelligent healthcare ecosystems where secure, efficient and intelligent AIoT-enabled cardiac healthcare solutions play a crucial role.