Tinea pedis and onychomycosis: Practical prevention and recurrence minimization

Abstract

According to epidemiological data, superficial mycoses may affect approximately 20–25% of the global population. They account for 37–40% of all dermatological diseases, which further underscores the need for discussion and development of preventive strategies both within the specialty and in an interdisciplinary context. The imperative to update approaches to timely prophylaxis and appropriately prescribed antifungal therapy is driven by the rising incidence of complications associated with long-standing dermatophytoses, as well as by recurrent mycotic infections in high-risk populations. The article analyzes 34 publications devoted to the treatment of mycoses of the feet and onychomycosis, posted on the websites of specialized foreign and Russian scientific publications. This article reviews contemporary risk factors for tinea pedis and onychomycosis, including a dynamic lifestyle, self-medication, hereditary predisposition, and comorbid conditions. Preventive measures are examined, the observance of which is critical not only for achieving optimal outcomes of antimycotic treatment but also for preventing disease recurrence. Topical agents are systematically categorized, with their potential utility as adjuncts in combination therapy for mycoses and as prophylactic tools for modifying risk factors for tinea pedis and onychomycosis. The successful management of mycosis depends not only on accurate diagnosis but also on patient adherence to prolonged treatment regimens and preventive measures, as well as on the recognition that relapses are common and are likely to necessitate further therapy. At present, robust evidence is lacking to support a long-term maintenance regimen of topical etiotropic therapy as a strategy for preventing or reducing the frequency of recurrences. Nevertheless, a number of straightforward preventive principles have been identified, which patients may adopt to improve their clinical status, achieve remission, and, over the long term, prevent the recurrence of mycosis.