Characterization of Biological Communities and Agricultural Diversification in the SUCRIVOIRE Sugar Cane Agroecosystem in Zuénoula, Central-Western Côte d’Ivoire

Abstract

Sugar agroecosystems are multifunctional production areas that contribute to agricultural development, the conservation of natural resources, and the livelihoods of rural populations. However, their biological diversity and the agricultural activities associated with them remain poorly documented in Côte d’Ivoire. This study aimed to characterize the biological communities and to inventory the agricultural activities carried out within the SUCRIVOIRE Sugar Complex in Zuénoula, excluding sugarcane cultivation. Data were collected through surveys of technical staff, field surveys, floristic inventories conducted using the transect method, and geographic surveys performed using GPS. Data were analysed using Microsoft Excel. Three main biological areas were identified: natural forest reserves (120.54 ha), reforestation plantations (439.92 ha), and cultivated areas managed by local communities (395.84 ha). The forest reserves exhibited high floristic richness, with 250 plant species distributed across 179 genera and 62 families, including several species with special status and economically valuable forest tree species. Agricultural activities encompassed 28 cultivated species belonging to food crops, market garden crops, and cash crops. Rice cultivation was the dominant activity, with 321.35 ha farmed by 268 producers. These findings highlight the multifunctionality of the Zuénoula Sugar Complex, which combines agricultural production, biodiversity conservation, and support for rural communities. The preservation of natural habitats and the promotion of sustainable management practices appear essential for strengthening the ecological and socioeconomic resilience of this agroecosystem.