Management strategies for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a prospective multicentric study

Abstract

Background: Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) are a major cause of morbidity among the elderly population, leading to pain, reduced mobility, and diminished quality of life. Various management strategies exist, including conservative treatment, vertebroplasty, and kyphoplasty; however, optimal treatment remains controversial. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted across three tertiary care centres in Odisha, India, from December 2023 to December 2025. A total of 220 patients diagnosed with OVCFs were enrolled. Patients were categorized into three groups: conservative management (Group A), vertebroplasty (Group B), and kyphoplasty (Group C). Outcomes were assessed using Visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), and radiological parameters at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Results: Significant improvement in pain and functional outcomes was observed in all groups (p<0.001). Kyphoplasty demonstrated superior pain relief and vertebral height restoration compared to other modalities (p<0.05). Vertebroplasty showed faster early pain relief compared to conservative treatment. Conclusions: Kyphoplasty offers better long-term outcomes in OVCFs, while vertebroplasty provides rapid pain relief. Conservative treatment remains suitable for mild cases.