Assessment of 5-year relative survival among patients with cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers in Taizhou, Eastern China: a population-based period analysis
Using period analysis, the most up-to-date 5-year RS for CC, EC, and OC in Taizhou, Eastern China is provided, and sustained survival improvements over the past 15 years for these cancers are found, providing epidemiological support for optimizing local gynecological cancer screening, treatment and targeted cancer control policies.
Abstract
Timely assessment of 5-year relative survival (RS) is essential for evaluating gynecological cancer screening programs. This population-based study provides updated survival estimates for cervical (CC), endometrial (EC), and ovarian cancers (OC) in Taizhou, Eastern China.
Utilizing four cancer registries with high-quality data in Taizhou City, Eastern China, during 2004–2023 with follow-up through December 2023, we applied period analysis to calculate survival rates and model-based period analysis to project future trends.
Among 15,908 patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2023, the overall 5-year RS during 2019–2023 was 82.3%. The 5-year RS was 83.5% for CC, 90.7% for EC, and 65.1% for OC. Survival decreased substantially with increasing age and was higher in urban than rural areas. Survival improved across successive periods from 2009–2013 to 2019–2023 for all cancer types. Model-based projections estimated further increases in overall 5-year RS during 2024–2028. This study presents the application of period analysis to establish longitudinal survival benchmarks for gynecological cancers.
Using period analysis, we provided the most up-to-date 5-year RS for CC, EC, and OC in Taizhou, Eastern China, and also found sustained survival improvements over the past 15 years for these cancers, providing epidemiological support for optimizing local gynecological cancer screening, treatment and targeted cancer control policies.
It was found that one-year observed survival of GC patients increased from 37.4% (2000–2004) to 45.8% (2020–2022), an increase of 22.5%, and the necessity of integrating population-based cancer registries into official statistics is substantiated.
V. M. Merabishvili, A. Karachun, A. M. Belyaev et al.· Pharmacy Formulas· 0 citations
It has been demonstrated that the modern multi-step diagnostic algorithm (esophagogastroduodenoscopy with NBI, CT, endoscopic ultrasound, laparoscopy) represents a key reserve for further improving one-year survival and form the basis for reducing one-year mortality and increasing survival in patients with gastric cancer.
V. M. Merabishvili, A. Karachun, D. V. Nesterov et al.· Pharmacy Formulas· 0 citations
OBJECTIVE
Endometrial, ovarian, and cervical cancers predominantly affect middle-aged and older women, but temporal trends may differ in younger women due to distinct risk factors and clinical characteristics. We therefore assessed temporal trends in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and survival across these cancers in younger women.
METHODS
Using population-based NORDCAN registry data, we identified women aged 0-49 years diagnosed with endometrial, ovarian, or cervical cancer in the Nordic countries between 1980 and 2023. Incidence, prevalence, mortality, and five-year relative survival (RS) were age-standardized, with the latter estimated using the Pohar-Perme method.
RESULTS
Endometrial cancer incidence rates increased from 1.4 to 1.9 cases per 100,000 person-years (PY) between 1998 and 2000 and 2021-2023 (36% increase). Over the full study period, incidence rates declined for both ovarian cancer (4.2 to 2.1 cases per 100,000 PY; 50% decrease) and cervical cancer (6.5 to 5.5 cases per 100,000 PY; 15% decrease). Mortality rates decreased for women with ovarian cancer (1.9 to 0.6 per 100,000 PY; 75% decrease) and cervical cancer (1.5 to 0.5 per 100 00 PY; 67% decrease), while remaining steady at ≤ 0.2 per 100,000 PY for endometrial cancer. RS estimates remained high for endometrial cancer (90-95%). Cervical cancer five-year RS improved from 77-83% in 1979-1983 to 89-93% in 2019-2023, while ovarian cancer increased from 48 to 64% to 68-81%.
CONCLUSIONS
Gynecological cancers show distinct temporal trends among young women in the Nordic countries. These findings underscore the importance of age-specific prevention strategies, including obesity prevention, monitoring contraceptive trends, and continued implementation of HPV-based screening and vaccination.
Charlotta Riese, Enoch Yi-Tung, H. Nilsson et al.· Gynecologic Oncology· 0 citations
The study findings indicate that the observed changes in relative survival at older ages in breast and prostate cancers are likely due to the interaction of biological, clinical, and methodological factors.
M. Moghimi, Zahra Ravankhah, Fotoohe Teymouri et al.· Iranian Journal of Epidemiol...· 0 citations
OBJECTIVE
Cervical cancer remains a major public health challenge among women in China. This study aimed to comprehensively assess long-term trends and future projections of cervical cancer burden in China.
METHODS
Data on cervical cancer in China from 1990 to 2023 were extracted from Global Burden of Disease Study2023. Prevalence, incidence, deaths, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and age-standardized rates (ASRs) were analyzed. Temporal trends were evaluated using estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and Joinpoint regression. Das Gupta decomposition quantified the contributions of population growth, aging, and epidemiological change. Nordpred was used to project deaths and DALYs from 2024 to 2045.
RESULTS
From 1990 to 2023, prevalent cervical cancer cases increased from 445,795 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]=301,749-642,609) to 752,306 (95% UI=481,273 to 1,011,544). YLDs increased by 62%, whereas YLLs decreased by 4%. Overall DALYs decreased slightly from 1,457,115 (95% UI=1,070,025 to 2,064,940) to 1,430,054 (95% UI=896,628 to 1,874,757), while deaths increased by 16%. Age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) declined from 294.14 to 132.72 per 100,000 population, with an EAPC of -2.43 (95% confidence interval=-2.54 to -2.33). Decomposition showed that population aging and growth offset favorable epidemiological changes, and projections suggested continued declines in ASDR with relatively stable deaths through 2045.
CONCLUSION
Despite sustained declines in ASRs, the absolute burden of cervical cancer in China remains considerable due to demographic shifts. These findings underscore the urgent need to strengthen human papillomavirus vaccination coverage and expand equitable cervical cancer screening programs.
Chao Ma, P. Yin, Nan Hong· Journal of Gynecologic Oncol...· 0 citations
Background Time to treatment initiation (TTI) following cancer detection is a critical component of effective cancer control. In low-resource and rural settings, delays in TTI often reflect health system constraints and may undermine the survival benefits of screening programmes. However, evidence on the association between TTI and long-term survival among screening-positive patients with upper gastrointestinal cancer (UGC) in China is unknown. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 265 screening-positive UGC patients identified from a population-based screening programme conducted between 2014 and 2015 in rural China (total screened population = 13,255). Time to treatment initiation was defined as the interval between confirmed diagnosis and initiation of treatment. Patients were categorised into ≤30 days, >30 days, and untreated groups. The primary outcome was 10-year overall survival (OS). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs), adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical variables. Results The median TTI was 55 days. Patients with TTI≤30 days had significantly higher 10-year OS (90.39%) compared with those with TTI>30 days and untreated patients. After adjustment, delayed treatment (>30 days) was associated with worse OS (HR = 2.50; 95% CI = 1.29–4.82) and cancer-specific survival (HR = 2.41; 95% CI = 1.21–4.79). Factors associated with delayed treatment included male, non-normal BMI, and earlier-stage lesions, indicating socioeconomic and structural barriers to timely treatment. Conclusions Delays in treatment initiation represent a critical health system bottleneck that significantly compromises long-term survival among screening-detected UGC patients. A TTI threshold of 30 days may serve as a pragmatic quality-of-care indicator. Strengthening linkage-to-care pathways and addressing socioeconomic barriers are essential to maximise the effectiveness of cancer screening programmes in low-resource settings.
Ruyue Liu, Lian-Lian Wu, Chengxu Long et al.· Journal of Global Health· 0 citations
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