Performance evaluation and optimization of rubber-modified asphalt mixtures for enhanced skid resistance and noise reduction in cold regions

Abstract

To enhance the safety and environmental performance of pavements in cold regions, this study investigated the impact of crumb rubber modifier (CRM) on the skid resistance and noise reduction properties of asphalt mixtures. The research evaluated high-temperature stability, low-temperature crack resistance, and water stability through rutting tests, low-temperature beam bending tests, and freeze-thaw splitting tests. Additionally, functional surface characteristics were assessed using pendulum friction testers, sand-patch methods for texture depth, and tire-drop noise measurements at −20 °C to simulate extreme winter conditions. Results indicate that high-elasticity CRM effectively improve road performance in cold climates. The addition of rubber significantly enhances surface texture depth and noise dissipation while maintaining essential mechanical properties. Notably, the AR-SMA-13 (Asphalt Rubber Stone Matrix Asphalt 13) mixture exhibited exceptional noise reduction, outperforming conventional materials. Multi-parameter analysis identified rubber dosage and mixture type as critical factors, with a dosage of ⩽5% being the optimal threshold to balance durability and functionality. The study reveals that noise reduction is achieved through a dual mechanism: the elastic cushioning of CRM dissipates impact energy, while the optimized void structure acts as a ‘sound trap’ to absorb acoustic waves. These findings provide a scientific basis for standardized applications of rubber-modified asphalt in cold regions, ultimately improving road safety and ride comfort.