Service adaptability assessment and coordinated planning and operation of PV-rich low-voltage active distribution network clusters

Abstract

High rooftop photovoltaic (PV) penetration causes reverse-power-flow stress, voltage rise, and PV curtailment to vary across low-voltage transformer service areas. Fixed-location flexibility cannot respond effectively when these stresses migrate over time. This paper develops a coordinated planning and operation framework for PV-rich low-voltage active distribution network clusters. The framework combines service-adaptability assessment with mobile shared energy storage (MSES). First, an effective mobility service index ( M S I eff ) is constructed from the location and magnitude of reverse-power-flow exceedances in the no-storage condition. It identifies scenarios in which cross-area resource reallocation provides additional value. Second, stationary storage and MSES are optimized within a common power-energy candidate domain. The MSES model represents travel-induced unavailability, traction energy consumption, connection preparation, interface limits, state-of-charge dynamics, and daily closure. Across 30 parameterized PV-load scenarios, MSES reduces PV curtailment in 16 scenarios and lowers equivalent annual cost in 15 scenarios. It achieves both benefits in 13 scenarios. M S I eff is strongly correlated with the realized reduction in PV curtailment, with Pearson and Spearman coefficients of 0.867 and 0.870. In a representative high-adaptability scenario, both schemes select 200 kW/800 kWh. MSES reduces PV curtailment by 14.54%, increases PV accommodation by 2.02 percentage points, and lowers equivalent annual cost by 2.04%.