Understanding How Physical Activity Enhances Mental Well-Being Among Indonesian University Students: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

Background: Physical activity is increasingly recognised as an important determinant of mental well-being among university students, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where academic pressures and limited resources may affect participation.Objective: This study explored Indonesian undergraduate students’ perceptions of the role of physical activity in supporting mental health and the factors influencing their engagement.Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with ten undergraduate students from several universities in Java, Indonesia. Data were collected between January and March 2024 and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke’s framework. Trustworthiness was enhanced through iterative coding, peer debriefing, and reflexive documentation.Results: Five themes emerged: (1) negotiating identity through motivations and activity preferences; (2) psychological restoration and emotional reset; (3) competing priorities and internal resistance; (4) structured and social catalysts for engagement; and (5) institutional responsibility for wellness culture. Participants consistently described physical activity as beneficial for emotional regulation, stress management, and coping with academic demands.Conclusion: Physical activity contributes positively to students’ mental well-being. However, participation is shaped by individual, social, and institutional factors. Universities should foster supportive environments and accessible opportunities that encourage regular physical activity as part of a comprehensive mental health strategy.