A Brief Overview of the Role of Physiotherapy in Managing Psychological Stress and Cardiovascular Risk
Abstract
Background: There is ample evidence linking psychological stress to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Stress triggers the body's physiological reactions, which can worsen pre-existing cardiovascular disease and contribute to the development of new disease. These reactions include elevated blood pressure, heart rate, and stress hormone production. Managing psychological stress is therefore a key element in the prevention and treatment of CVD. Methodology: A thorough review of recent literature was carried out across major databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ERIC, EBSCO, Embase, and Global Health, using MeSH terms and keywords including “psychological well-being,” “physiotherapy,” and “cardiovascular risk” to identify studies examining the connection between psychological stress and cardiovascular health. The review focused on clinical trials and meta-analyses assessing the effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions in lowering cardiovascular risk and managing stress. Results: The literature shows a direct link between long-term psychological stress and a higher risk of heart disease. Physiotherapy has been shown to lower stress levels through interventions such as exercise therapy, relaxation techniques, and biofeedback. Physiotherapists can prescribe regular physical activity that improves mental health, lowers stress hormones, and improves cardiovascular fitness. Stress and its physiological effects can also be reduced directly through methods such as progressive muscle relaxation, guided breathing, and biofeedback. Conclusion: Effective management of psychological stress is essential to reducing cardiovascular risk. Physiotherapy offers valuable interventions that can improve cardiovascular health and reduce stress levels. Future studies should investigate novel physiotherapy approaches and their effects on cardiovascular outcomes and stress, in order to strengthen the evidence base for these therapies.