Influence of feeding black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae protein meal on carcass characteristics and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs

Abstract

One of the priorities of modern agricultural science is the transition to highly productive and environmentally friendly animal husbandry. The search for alternative protein sources to replace imported soybean meal and fishmeal is crucial for ensuring food security. This study evaluates the effect of including protein meal from black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens ) larvae in pig diets on growth performance, slaughter indicators, and qualitative parameters of pork. The experiment was conducted on 24 pigs divided into four groups: a control group (C) fed standard compound feed containing fishmeal, and three experimental groups with partial or complete replacement of fishmeal by insect meal during the growing-finishing period. Groups E1, E2, and E3 received a one-third, a two-third and a full replacement of fishmeal with black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM), respectively. Over the 97 days, all experimental groups demonstrated superior growth performance compared to the control. The highest average daily gain (ADG) was recorded in Group E3 (1038.16 g/day), exceeding the control by 5.37 %. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved significantly across all test groups; the most efficient result was observed in Group E1 (2.71 kg/kg), which was 9.1 % better than the control (p = 0.10). Slaughter analysis revealed a positive trend in carcass traits. Pigs from Group E3 achieved the highest hot carcass weight (85.49 ± 2.54 kg) and dressing percentage (74.30 ± 0.23 %). Meat quality assessment indicated an improvement in water-holding capacity (WHC) and muscle fiber characteristics. Notably, there was a statistically significant reduction in fat content in Groups E2 (22.99 %) and E3 (22.85 %) compared to the control (23.42 %, p = 0.03), alongside an increase in crude protein levels in Group E1 (72.09 %, p < 0.05). Evaluation of meat quality showed higher pH values at 45 minutes post-slaughter in the experimental groups, contributing to improved technological properties of the meat. Thus, replacing traditional animal proteins with Hermetia illucens larvae meal not only serves as an eco-friendly alternative but also enhances the efficiency of pork production, improving specific nutritional and technological qualities of the final product without compromising animal health or growth rates.