A comprehensive review of advanced technologies and methods for biodiesel production from microalgae integrating wastewater

Abstract

Microalgae are third generation feedstock and an alternative for the development of biodiesel through sustainable application which are environment friendly. This paper delves in utilization of microalgae for biodiesel and other value-added products. The microalgae cultivation procedure can become cost effective by utilizing wastewater from domestic and industrial origin for the purpose of biomass and subsequent lipid production. This paper addresses all the breakthrough of microalgae in biotechnological applications and also how machine learning and artificial intelligence can be applied to make the process more favourable and technoeconomic analysis of harvesting and other process has also been discussed. The growth of microalgae and different methods and equipment to achieve high amount of biomass is explored efficiently. This paper emphasizes the use of heterogenous catalyst instead of homogenous because of its reusability and the easy availability of precursors and calcium oxide sources in the environmental wastes like oyster shells, egg shells and waste animal bones. Overall, this chapter delves into the advantages and challenges of utilizing microalgae for the process of biodiesel production and provides alternative methods to address and minimize those challenges for sustainable and economically feasible procedures.