Emerging PFAS: Current Concerns, Remediation, and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) constitute the most currently available PFAS used across many applications, such as aqueous film-forming foam, textiles, food contact materials, chromium plating, semiconductor production, and fluoropolymer producing aids. Since the Stockholm convention, legacy PFAS has been successfully replaced to emerging PFAS. In addition, emerging PFAS can be generated from industrial mitigation process of legacy PFAS, inadvertently from previously emitted fluorocarbons by photooxidation, and is generated for new application such as lithium battery electrolyte. This review first defines emerging PFAS in this manuscript followed by overviewing of their production and mitigation process based on recent advances in technology.