Socio-Economic Determinants of Vulnerability to HIV/AIDS in Eastern Benue State

Abstract

This study examines the socio-economic determinants of HIV/AIDS vulnerability in Eastern Benue State, Nigeria. Using a mixed-methods cross-sectional design, data was collected from 397 respondents across seven local government areas via questionnaire and focus group discussion. The study used descriptive statistical techniques (tables and charts) for results presentation while quantitative analysis (logistic regression) revealed that individuals with no formal education were over three times more likely to be vulnerable to HIV (OR = 3.02, p = 0.001), while low-income earners (₦<10,000/month) and women also showed significantly higher odds (OR = 2.67 and 2.11 respectively). Although 100% of respondents reported having heard of HIV/AIDS, not all could accurately identify transmission routes. Gender disparities were pronounced, with only 37% of women able to negotiate condom use. Qualitative findings highlighted structural barriers such as stigma, traditional practices, and poor access to healthcare. These results reinforce that HIV vulnerability in Eastern Benue is not primarily driven by individual behavior but by intersecting socio-economic and structural factors. The study calls for multi-sectoral interventions that integrate education, gender equity, economic empowerment, and healthcare access to effectively reduce vulnerability and improve outcomes.