Keanekaragaman Burung Diurnal Sebagai Bioindikator Jasa Layanan Ekosistem Ruang Terbuka Hijau Kampus UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur

Abstract

This study aims to inventory species composition, analyze community structure, and evaluate the quality of green open spaces based on diurnal bird communities on campus. Observations were conducted in May 2026 using the Point Count method at four observation points representing various types of campus habitats. The data were analyzed using the Importance Value Index (INP), the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H′), the Evenness Index (E), the Simpson Dominance Index (C), and the Margalef Species Richness Index (R). The UPN “Veteran” East Java campus is home to 14 bird species belonging to 8 families. The species with the highest Importance Value Index (INP) were Pycnonotus aurigaster (39.24%), Hirundo rustica (32.28%), and Lonchura maja (29.17%). The bird community is dominated by granivorous and insectivorous groups, reflecting the availability of food sources and supportive vegetation structure. The diversity index value (H′ = 2.98) indicates a moderate level of diversity with a relatively stable community, while the low dominance index (C = 0.16) suggests that no single species is extremely dominant. Nevertheless, the relatively low species richness value (R = 2.47) suggests that the number of species remains limited due to urban environmental pressures. Overall, the green open spaces on the UPN “Veteran” East Java campus still serve as an important habitat for diurnal birds and have the potential to support the implementation of the Green Campus program through green open space management focused on biodiversity conservation.