AI overuse in education extending the technology acceptance model with Confucian cultural moderation

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) assisted writing tools, such as ChatGPT have arisen rapidly and created a socio-technical phenomenon of fast technology adoption in higher education. Traditional models focus on early adoption but understanding the behavioral pathway that accounts for intensive AI overuse is critical. To summarize, this study enriched the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) by developing a sequential mediation model: Perceptions (PU/PEOU) → Satisfaction → Habit → AI Overuse and investigated boundary conditions of this process regarding Confucian Cultural Values as moderator. By conducting the survey mixed-mode, from December 2024 to February 2025 data has been collected using a systematic random sampling of Chinese educators at six universities in Chongqing through both individual intercepting and online distribution. Direct, mediation and moderation effects were tested based on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results confirm partial mediation: utility and ease perceptions drive user satisfaction, to the extent that it spurs behavioral automaticity (habit) behind high-intensity use the study characterizes AI Overuse as a relatively high force and goal-oriented behavioral outcome of technology acceleration, separating this from clinical addiction. As for the ability to moderate, Confucian Values firmly bolster the impact of Perceived Usefulness upon Satisfaction according to the power placed on collective welfare. Interestingly, these cultural effects are moderated when the variables Perceived Ease of Use (a cognitive barrier) and Habit (a psychological boundary) are applied. Theoretically, the current research offers a new lens through which accelerated technology adoption can be analysed and guides tailored digital sustainability interventions in Confucian models of education.