Hidden Voices: Women’s Lived Experiences in Red-Light Streets

Abstract

Female sex workers (FSWs) experience substantial safety risks and barriers to accessing justice, particularly in contexts where sex work is criminalized and socially stigmatized. This study explored the lived experiences of FSWs in Butuan City, Philippines, focusing on their exposure to victimization and the barriers they encounter when reporting crimes and seeking legal protection. Using a qualitative descriptive phenomenological design, the study involved seven FSWs selected through purposive sampling. Data were gathered through in-depth, semi-structured interviews and analyzed to identify recurring experiences and meanings emerging from the participants’ narratives. The findings revealed that participants experienced various forms of victimization, including physical, sexual, and verbal abuse, as well as threats to their personal safety in unsafe working environments. Fear of retaliation, emotional distress, concern for family members, and distrust in the effectiveness of formal reporting mechanisms discouraged participants from reporting incidents and seeking assistance. These barriers were further compounded by apprehension about possible legal consequences and the potential for unfavorable treatment by authorities. The findings suggest that victimization and barriers to justice are interconnected, as concerns about personal safety and the consequences of disclosure may limit victims’ willingness to engage with formal justice mechanisms. The study underscores the importance of accessible reporting channels, gender-sensitive policing, victim-centered support services, and stronger safeguards against retaliation and discrimination. These measures may help improve access to justice and strengthen the protection of marginalized women experiencing violence and exploitation.