A Network-Operation-Wise Constellation Design for Multilayer LEO Satellite Networks

Abstract

Multilayer satellite networks (MLSNs) have become a pivotal architecture for global communication coverage due to their enhanced capacity and spectral efficiency. However, existing studies primarily focus on constellation deployment and static cost optimization, overlooking dynamic operational overheads from cross-layer mobility management and routing control overhead. Addressing this gap, we pioneer the integration of network operation overhead into cost–benefit analysis from an MLSN networking perspective. Specifically, we establish a unified quantification methodology for both construction costs and operational expenditures, proposing a comprehensive cost–benefit evaluation framework for MLSNs. We formulate the MLSN topology and network operation design problem to co-optimize topology parameters and operation strategies, simultaneously minimizing construction costs and operational overheads while maximizing flow-level capacity and transmission reliability. The Penalty Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II efficiently generates robust Pareto frontiers, providing a satellite operator with quantitative cost–performance tradeoff benchmarks. Extensive simulations demonstrate the method's effectiveness in constructing MLSNs with low construction costs and minimal operation overhead.